STM32MX电源管理低功耗模式

由 cathy 提交于周二, 9 十一月 2021 - 10:37

前言：

ST官方例程：（直接移植直接用，接口是现成的）

在你STM32Cube固件库安装路径下.

.\..\STM32Cube\Repository\STM32Cube_FW_F4_V1.23.0\Projects\STM32F429I-Discovery\Examples\PWR\PWR_CurrentConsumption

例程和测试程序下载链接：<a href="https://download.csdn.net/download/sudaroot/10891176" title="STM32MX电源管理低功耗模式官方例程和测试程序-C/C++其他资源-CSDN下载">STM32MX电源管理低功耗模式官方例程和测试程序-C/C++其他资源-CSDN下载</a>

下面手册文字截图来源于《STM32F4xx中文参考手册.PDF》的第5 电源控制器（PWR）的5.3 低功耗模式

STM32电源三种低功耗模式介绍

节省功耗（最省电）效果：待机 > 停止 > 睡眠。

手册反复提到了事件和中断这两个词。

1、事件（WFI）和中断（WFE）的区别：

事件：包括中断事件和非中断事件。

非中断事件：如GPIO电平变化，外设使能，初始化等不发生中断的事件。

中断事件：例如按键，按下按键会引起GPIO电平的变化（非中断事件）。若把按键配置为外部中断，即把非中断事件变成中断事件。中断是发生中断事件后执行对应的xxx_IRQHandler（）中断服务函数。

详细原理框图可以看STM32F4XX英文参考手册的Figure 41. External interrupt/event controller block diagram

2、睡眠模式

2.1、手册

注意：睡眠模式下，无论设置事件（WFI）和中断（WFE），系统时钟SysTick_Handler（）都能将其唤醒。

2.2、软件步骤（粗体是必做步骤）：

1、进入睡眠前可以降低或者关闭外设的时钟速度达到更好的效果（唤醒后要恢复外设时钟）。

2、失能系统时钟SysTick_Handler（）中断。

3、设置唤醒方式，进入睡眠模式（CPU时钟关闭，内核停止，对其他时钟和ADC时钟无影响，不改变GPIO管脚状态）。

4、唤醒方式：任意中断唤醒或者事件（具体看你设置的唤醒方式）

5、唤醒延时：无

6、唤醒之后：使能系统时钟SysTick_Handler（）中断（唤醒后要恢复外设时钟）。

7、程序继续运行。

2.3、代码：

<pre style="overflow-x:auto; background-color:#e9e9e9;">/**
* @brief This function configures the system to enter Sleep mode for
* current consumption measurement purpose.
* Sleep Mode
* ==========
* - System Running at PLL
* - Flash 5 wait state
* - Instruction and Data caches ON
* - Prefetch ON
* - Code running from Internal FLASH
* - All peripherals disabled.
* - Wakeup using EXTI Line (USER Button)
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
void SleepMode_Measure(void)
{
//挂起（暂停）系统时钟中断
HAL_SuspendTick();

/* 进入睡眠模式，任意中断唤醒 */
HAL_PWR_EnterSLEEPMode(PWR_MAINREGULATOR_ON, PWR_SLEEPENTRY_WFI);

/* 恢复系统时钟中断 */
HAL_ResumeTick();

/* Add a delay of 200ms after exit from Sleep mode */
HAL_Delay(200);
}</pre>

3、停止模式

3.1、手册

3.2、软件步骤（粗体是必做步骤）：

1、进入睡眠前可以降低或者关闭外设的时钟速度达到更好的效果（唤醒后要恢复外设时钟）。

2、芯片内部FLASH掉电。

3、设置唤醒方式：_WFI 或者 _WFE，（RTC闹钟中断也可以唤醒，后面说）

4、关闭电压调节器（电压调节器是动态调节芯片内部电压，关闭后更加节省功耗，但是唤醒时间加长）

5、进入停止模式：所有的1.2V时钟都关闭（HSI和HSE的振荡器关闭，不改变GPIO管脚状态）。

6、唤醒方式：任意外部中断或者 RTC闹钟

7、唤醒延时：有，（关闭电压调节器唤醒时间更长）。

8、唤醒之后：重新初始化时钟。

9、程序继续运行。

3.3、代码：

下面有两个停止模式函数StopMode_Measure（）和StopUnderDriveMode_Measure（）；

前者是没有关闭电压调节器的，后者是关闭了电压调节器的，但是唤醒时间加长。

两个函数都RTC闹钟定时了20s唤醒。若不喜欢用RTC删除即可。

<pre style="overflow-x:auto; background-color:#e9e9e9;">extern void SystemClock_Config(void); //外部链接用户初始化时钟

/**
* @brief This function configures the system to enter Stop mode with RTC
* clocked by LSE or LSI for current consumption measurement purpose.
* STOP Mode with RTC clocked by LSE/LSI
* =====================================
* - RTC Clocked by LSE or LSI
* - Regulator in LP mode
* - HSI, HSE OFF and LSI OFF if not used as RTC Clock source
* - No IWDG
* - FLASH in deep power down mode
* - Automatic Wakeup using RTC clocked by LSE/LSI (~20s)
* @param None
* @retval None
*
* @note
* 此函数没有关闭电压调节器
*
*/
void StopMode_Measure(void)
{
RTCHandle.Instance = RTC;

RTCHandle.Init.HourFormat = RTC_HOURFORMAT_24;
RTCHandle.Init.AsynchPrediv = RTC_ASYNCH_PREDIV;
RTCHandle.Init.SynchPrediv = RTC_SYNCH_PREDIV;
RTCHandle.Init.OutPut = RTC_OUTPUT_DISABLE;
RTCHandle.Init.OutPutPolarity = RTC_OUTPUT_POLARITY_HIGH;
RTCHandle.Init.OutPutType = RTC_OUTPUT_TYPE_OPENDRAIN;

if(HAL_RTC_Init(&RTCHandle) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}

/*## 配置RTC唤醒 20s唤醒 ###########################################*/
HAL_RTCEx_SetWakeUpTimer_IT(&RTCHandle, 0xA017, RTC_WAKEUPCLOCK_RTCCLK_DIV16);

/* flash进入掉电 */
HAL_PWREx_EnableFlashPowerDown();

/*进入停止模式，外部中断唤醒或者RTC闹钟唤醒 */
HAL_PWR_EnterSTOPMode(PWR_LOWPOWERREGULATOR_ON, PWR_STOPENTRY_WFI);

//重新初始化时钟
SystemClock_Config();

/* Disable Wake-up timer */
if(HAL_RTCEx_DeactivateWakeUpTimer(&RTCHandle) != HAL_OK)
{
/* Initialization Error */
Error_Handler();
}
}

/**
* @brief This function configures the system to enter in Under-Drive stop mode with RTC
* clocked by LSE or LSI for current consumption measurement purpose.
* STOP Mode with RTC clocked by LSE/LSI
* =====================================
* - RTC Clocked by LSE or LSI
* - Regulator in LP mode
* - Under drive feature enabled
* - HSI, HSE OFF and LSI OFF if not used as RTC Clock source
* - No IWDG
* - FLASH in deep power down mode
* - Automatic Wakeup using RTC clocked by LSE/LSI (~20s)
* @param None
* @retval None
*
* @note
* 此函数关闭电压调节器，唤醒需要的时间更长，但是功耗理论更小
*
*/
void StopUnderDriveMode_Measure(void)
{
RTCHandle.Instance = RTC;

/* Configure RTC prescaler and RTC data registers as follow:
- Hour Format = Format 24
- Asynch Prediv = Value according to source clock
- Synch Prediv = Value according to source clock
- OutPut = Output Disable
- OutPutPolarity = High Polarity
- OutPutType = Open Drain */
RTCHandle.Init.HourFormat = RTC_HOURFORMAT_24;
RTCHandle.Init.AsynchPrediv = RTC_ASYNCH_PREDIV;
RTCHandle.Init.SynchPrediv = RTC_SYNCH_PREDIV;
RTCHandle.Init.OutPut = RTC_OUTPUT_DISABLE;
RTCHandle.Init.OutPutPolarity = RTC_OUTPUT_POLARITY_HIGH;
RTCHandle.Init.OutPutType = RTC_OUTPUT_TYPE_OPENDRAIN;

if(HAL_RTC_Init(&RTCHandle) != HAL_OK)
{
/* Initialization Error */
Error_Handler();
}

/*## Configure the Wake up timer ###########################################*/
/* RTC Wakeup Interrupt Generation:
Wakeup Time Base = (RTC_WAKEUPCLOCK_RTCCLK_DIV /(LSI))
Wakeup Time = Wakeup Time Base * WakeUpCounter
= (RTC_WAKEUPCLOCK_RTCCLK_DIV /(LSI)) * WakeUpCounter
==> WakeUpCounter = Wakeup Time / Wakeup Time Base
To configure the wake up timer to 20s the WakeUpCounter is set to 0xA017:
RTC_WAKEUPCLOCK_RTCCLK_DIV = RTCCLK_Div16 = 16
Wakeup Time Base = 16 /(~32.768KHz) = ~0,488 ms
Wakeup Time = ~20s = 0,488ms * WakeUpCounter
==> WakeUpCounter = ~20s/0,488ms = 40983 = 0xA017 */
HAL_RTCEx_SetWakeUpTimer_IT(&RTCHandle, 0xA017, RTC_WAKEUPCLOCK_RTCCLK_DIV16);

/* FLASH Deep Power Down Mode enabled */
HAL_PWREx_EnableFlashPowerDown();

/* Enter under-drive Stop Mode */
HAL_PWREx_EnterUnderDriveSTOPMode(PWR_LOWPOWERREGULATOR_ON, PWR_STOPENTRY_WFI);

/* Configures system clock after wake-up from STOP: enable HSE, PLL and select
PLL as system clock source (HSE and PLL are disabled in STOP mode) */
// SYSCLKConfig_STOP();
SystemClock_Config();

/* Disable Wake-up timer */
if(HAL_RTCEx_DeactivateWakeUpTimer(&RTCHandle) != HAL_OK)
{
/* Initialization Error */
Error_Handler();
}
}</pre>

4、待机模式

4.1、手册

4.2、软件步骤（粗体是必做步骤）：

1、是否允许访问备份区

2、是否备份区使用RTC（用于唤醒）

3、设置唤醒方式：WKUP 引脚上升沿、 RTC 闹钟（闹钟 A 和闹钟 B）、 RTC 唤醒事件、 RTC入侵事件、 RTC 时间戳事件、 NRST 引脚外部复位和 IWDG 复位。

4、进入待机模式：关闭1.2V所有时钟，HSI和HSE的振荡器关闭，电压调节器关闭。

5、唤醒延时：有

6、唤醒之后：复位程序（和按下复位键效果一致）

4.3、代码：

<pre style="overflow-x:auto; background-color:#e9e9e9;">/**
* @brief This function configures the system to enter Standby mode for
* current consumption measurement purpose.
* STANDBY Mode
* ============
* - Backup SRAM and RTC OFF
* - IWDG and LSI OFF
* - Wakeup using WakeUp Pin (PA.00)
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
void StandbyMode_Measure(void)
{
/* Enable Power Clock*/
__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();

/* Allow access to Backup */
HAL_PWR_EnableBkUpAccess();

/* Reset RTC Domain */
__HAL_RCC_BACKUPRESET_FORCE();
__HAL_RCC_BACKUPRESET_RELEASE();

/* Disable all used wakeup sources: Pin1(PA.0) */
HAL_PWR_DisableWakeUpPin(PWR_WAKEUP_PIN1);

/* Clear all related wakeup flags */
__HAL_PWR_CLEAR_FLAG(PWR_FLAG_WU);

/* Re-enable all used wakeup sources: Pin1(PA.0) */
HAL_PWR_EnableWakeUpPin(PWR_WAKEUP_PIN1);

/* Request to enter STANDBY mode */
HAL_PWR_EnterSTANDBYMode();
}

/**
* @brief This function configures the system to enter Standby mode with RTC
* clocked by LSE or LSI for current consumption measurement purpose.
* STANDBY Mode with RTC clocked by LSE/LSI
* ========================================
* - RTC Clocked by LSE/LSI
* - IWDG OFF
* - Backup SRAM OFF
* - Automatic Wakeup using RTC clocked by LSE/LSI (after ~20s)
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
void StandbyRTCMode_Measure(void)
{
RTCHandle.Instance = RTC;
/* Configure RTC prescaler and RTC data registers as follow:
- Hour Format = Format 24
- Asynch Prediv = Value according to source clock
- Synch Prediv = Value according to source clock
- OutPut = Output Disable
- OutPutPolarity = High Polarity
- OutPutType = Open Drain */
RTCHandle.Init.HourFormat = RTC_HOURFORMAT_24;
RTCHandle.Init.AsynchPrediv = RTC_ASYNCH_PREDIV;
RTCHandle.Init.SynchPrediv = RTC_SYNCH_PREDIV;
RTCHandle.Init.OutPut = RTC_OUTPUT_DISABLE;
RTCHandle.Init.OutPutPolarity = RTC_OUTPUT_POLARITY_HIGH;
RTCHandle.Init.OutPutType = RTC_OUTPUT_TYPE_OPENDRAIN;

if(HAL_RTC_Init(&RTCHandle) != HAL_OK)
{
/* Initialization Error */
Error_Handler();
}

/*## Configure the Wake up timer ###########################################*/
/* RTC Wakeup Interrupt Generation:
Wakeup Time Base = (RTC_WAKEUPCLOCK_RTCCLK_DIV /(LSI))
Wakeup Time = Wakeup Time Base * WakeUpCounter
= (RTC_WAKEUPCLOCK_RTCCLK_DIV /(LSI)) * WakeUpCounter
==> WakeUpCounter = Wakeup Time / Wakeup Time Base
To configure the wake up timer to 20s the WakeUpCounter is set to 0xA017:
RTC_WAKEUPCLOCK_RTCCLK_DIV = RTCCLK_Div16 = 16
Wakeup Time Base = 16 /(~32.768KHz) = ~0,488 ms
Wakeup Time = ~20s = 0,488ms * WakeUpCounter
==> WakeUpCounter = ~20s/0,488ms = 40983 = 0xA017 */
/* Disable Wake-up timer */
if(HAL_RTCEx_DeactivateWakeUpTimer(&RTCHandle) != HAL_OK)
{
/* Initialization Error */
Error_Handler();
}

/*## Clear all related wakeup flags ########################################*/
/* Clear PWR wake up Flag */
__HAL_PWR_CLEAR_FLAG(PWR_FLAG_WU);

/* Clear RTC Wake Up timer Flag */
__HAL_RTC_WAKEUPTIMER_CLEAR_FLAG(&RTCHandle, RTC_FLAG_WUTF);

/*## Setting the Wake up time ##############################################*/
HAL_RTCEx_SetWakeUpTimer_IT(&RTCHandle, 0xA017, RTC_WAKEUPCLOCK_RTCCLK_DIV16);

/*## Enter the Standby mode ################################################*/
/* Request to enter STANDBY mode */
HAL_PWR_EnterSTANDBYMode();
}

/**
* @brief This function configures the system to enter Standby mode with RTC
* clocked by LSE or LSI and with Backup SRAM ON for current consumption
* measurement purpose.
* STANDBY Mode with RTC clocked by LSE/LSI and BKPSRAM
* ====================================================
* - RTC Clocked by LSE or LSI
* - Backup SRAM ON
* - IWDG OFF
* - Automatic Wakeup using RTC clocked by LSE/LSI (after ~20s)
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
void StandbyRTCBKPSRAMMode_Measure(void)
{
/* Configure RTC prescaler and RTC data registers as follow:
- Hour Format = Format 24
- Asynch Prediv = Value according to source clock
- Synch Prediv = Value according to source clock
- OutPut = Output Disable
- OutPutPolarity = High Polarity
- OutPutType = Open Drain */
RTCHandle.Instance = RTC;
RTCHandle.Init.HourFormat = RTC_HOURFORMAT_24;
RTCHandle.Init.AsynchPrediv = RTC_ASYNCH_PREDIV;
RTCHandle.Init.SynchPrediv = RTC_SYNCH_PREDIV;
RTCHandle.Init.OutPut = RTC_OUTPUT_DISABLE;
RTCHandle.Init.OutPutPolarity = RTC_OUTPUT_POLARITY_HIGH;
RTCHandle.Init.OutPutType = RTC_OUTPUT_TYPE_OPENDRAIN;

if(HAL_RTC_Init(&RTCHandle) != HAL_OK)
{
/* Initialization Error */
Error_Handler();
}

/*## Configure the Wake up timer ###########################################*/
/* RTC Wakeup Interrupt Generation:
Wakeup Time Base = (RTC_WAKEUPCLOCK_RTCCLK_DIV /(LSI))
Wakeup Time = Wakeup Time Base * WakeUpCounter
= (RTC_WAKEUPCLOCK_RTCCLK_DIV /(LSI)) * WakeUpCounter
==> WakeUpCounter = Wakeup Time / Wakeup Time Base
To configure the wake up timer to 20s the WakeUpCounter is set to 0xA017:
RTC_WAKEUPCLOCK_RTCCLK_DIV = RTCCLK_Div16 = 16
Wakeup Time Base = 16 /(~32.768KHz) = ~0,488 ms
Wakeup Time = ~20s = 0,488ms * WakeUpCounter
==> WakeUpCounter = ~20s/0,488ms = 40983 = 0xA017 */
/* Disable Wake-up timer */
if(HAL_RTCEx_DeactivateWakeUpTimer(&RTCHandle) != HAL_OK)
{
/* Initialization Error */
Error_Handler();
}

/*## Clear all related wakeup flags ########################################*/
/* Clear PWR wake up Flag */
__HAL_PWR_CLEAR_FLAG(PWR_FLAG_WU);

/* Clear RTC Wake Up timer Flag */
__HAL_RTC_WAKEUPTIMER_CLEAR_FLAG(&RTCHandle, RTC_FLAG_WUTF);

/*## Setting the Wake up time ##############################################*/
HAL_RTCEx_SetWakeUpTimer_IT(&RTCHandle, 0xA017, RTC_WAKEUPCLOCK_RTCCLK_DIV16);

/* Enable BKPRAM Clock */
__HAL_RCC_BKPSRAM_CLK_ENABLE();

/* Enable the Backup SRAM low power Regulator */
HAL_PWREx_EnableBkUpReg();

/*## Enter the Standby mode ################################################*/
/* Request to enter STANDBY mode */
HAL_PWR_EnterSTANDBYMode();
}</pre>

5、RTC闹钟唤醒

5.1、手册

RTC唤醒代码，上面停止和待机模式都有。
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版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「sudaroot」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sudaroot/article/details/85626218